Which condition may require surgical intervention if it does not resolve naturally?

A chalazion is a condition that may require surgical intervention if it does not resolve naturally because it is a blockage of the meibomian gland, leading to a firm, painless swelling on the eyelid. Unlike a hordeolum (stye), which is typically an acute infection that may resolve on its own, a chalazion can persist for a prolonged period and may not respond to conservative treatments, such as warm compresses or topical medications. If the chalazion becomes chronic, larger, or causes cosmetic concerns or vision problems by pressing on the eyeball, surgical drainage may be necessary to remove the blockage and alleviate symptoms.

In contrast, a hordeolum usually resolves spontaneously over time, and conjunctivitis, which can be infectious or allergic in nature, often improves with appropriate treatment or even without intervention. Blepharitis, which involves inflammation of the eyelid margins, is typically managed with good eyelid hygiene rather than surgical procedures.