Which condition is characterized by increased pressure in the eye?

Glaucoma is characterized by increased pressure in the eye, which can lead to damage of the optic nerve and result in vision loss. The increased intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs due to an imbalance in the production and drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid in the eye. This condition often develops gradually and may not present noticeable symptoms in the early stages, making regular eye exams essential for early detection and management.

In contrast, retinal detachment primarily involves the separation of the retina from the underlying tissue, while cataracts refer to the clouding of the eye's lens, and macular degeneration affects the central portion of the retina, impacting central vision. None of these conditions are defined by increased eye pressure, which distinguishes glaucoma as the correct answer in this context.