Which condition involves increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve?

Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that leads to damage of the optic nerve. The condition arises when there is an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid in the eye. This elevated pressure can compress the optic nerve fibers, ultimately leading to vision loss if not managed appropriately.

Regular screening is vital for early detection, especially since the condition can develop without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Patients with glaucoma may experience peripheral vision loss, which can progress to tunnel vision or complete vision loss over time. Treatment typically involves medications, laser treatments, or surgery to lower the intraocular pressure and preserve optic nerve health.

Other conditions listed do not primarily involve increased intraocular pressure as a mechanism for damage. For example, cataracts are associated with clouding of the lens, retinal detachment involves the separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, and amblyopia refers to poor vision in an eye that is otherwise normal, often due to lack of use or misalignment. These conditions have different pathologies and do not directly relate to the issue of elevated intraocular pressure affecting the optic nerve.