What is the term for the surgical procedure to remove a cataract?

The surgical procedure to remove a cataract is referred to as phacoemulsification. This method involves using ultrasound waves to break up the cloudy lens (the cataract) into smaller pieces, which can then be suctioned out of the eye. Following the removal, an artificial intraocular lens is often implanted to restore clear vision. Phacoemulsification is favored due to its minimally invasive nature, leading to quicker recovery times and reduced post-operative discomfort compared to more traditional surgical techniques.

The other options represent different ophthalmic procedures. A scleral buckle is a technique used to treat retinal detachments, wherein a silicone band is placed around the eye to hold the retina in place. Laser photocoagulation is typically used to treat conditions like diabetic retinopathy and retinal holes by using laser light to create burns in the retina. Trabeculectomy is a surgery aimed at lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients by creating a new drainage pathway for the aqueous humor. Each of these procedures serves a specific purpose unrelated to cataract surgery, distinguishing phacoemulsification as the correct answer for cataract removal.