What is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma?

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma because it can damage the optic nerve over time. Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it typically progresses slowly with minimal symptoms until significant vision loss occurs. The pressure within the eye is determined by the balance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the eye. When this balance is disrupted, leading to elevated IOP, it poses a risk to the optic nerve, increasing the likelihood of glaucoma.

While the other options may contribute to overall health issues or present their own risks, they do not have the direct and strong association with glaucoma that elevated intraocular pressure does. For instance, low blood pressure does not inherently increase the risk of glaucoma, and conditions like high cholesterol or age-related macular degeneration have different pathophysiological mechanisms that are not directly linked to the development of glaucoma. Understanding the role of intraocular pressure in glaucoma is crucial for early detection and management of this potentially sight-threatening condition.