What instrument is used for a direct examination of the retina?

The ophthalmoscope is specifically designed for the direct examination of the retina. This handheld instrument allows eye care professionals to view the internal structures of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. By using an ophthalmoscope, the practitioner can assess the health of the retina and diagnose various conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears, and other diseases affecting the back of the eye.

While a slit lamp is an important tool for examining the anterior segment of the eye, it is not primarily used for direct retinal examination. A tonometer measures intraocular pressure, which is essential in glaucoma assessment but does not provide a view of the retina. A phoropter is used primarily for refraction to determine a patient's lens prescription and does not allow for direct visualization of retinal structures. Thus, the ophthalmoscope is the instrument that directly fulfills the need for examining the retina.